Zanthoxylum health benefit
Crude aqueous extract of the root bark of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides is used in folklore medicine for its anti-inflammatory activity. Huajiao denotes the fruits of various species of Zanthoxylum in the plant family Rutaceare used for cooking. The two most commercially popular species are bungeanum (red huajiao) and schinifolium (green huajiao).
Effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium on TNF-alpha-induced
vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Vascul Pharmacol. 2009 May-Jun; Professional Graduate School of Oriental
Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea; Korea
Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeonmin-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811,
Republic of Korea.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the injury of endothelial cells in response to
increases of adhesion molecules, leading to vascular inflammation and the
development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated an ethanol extract
of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (EZS) to determine if it inhibits the expressions of
cellular adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
When pretreatment of HUVEC with EZS, EZS suppressed the expression levels of
cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1),
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin induced by TNF-alpha.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that EZS suppresses vascular
inflammatory process, which may be closely related to the inhibition of ROS, JNK,
p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activation in HUVEC.
In vivo inhibition of prostaglandin e(2) production by
crude aqueous extract of the root bark of zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides.
Ghana Med J. 2008 June. Prempeh A, Mensah-Attipoe J. Prempeh A,
Mensah-Attipoe J. Department of Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical
School, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana.
Although Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides shares the analgesic and anti-inflammatory
property of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), its mechanism of
action has not been well elucidated. To ascertain whether the Zanthoxylum
xanthoxyloides extract decreases carrageenin-induced increase in plasma
prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentration with the view to shed light on the
mechanism of action. The Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides extract was obtained by
Soxhlet extraction and rotatory evaporation, followed by freeze-drying. Forty
Wistar rats (150g - 200g) were assigned to 8 groups of 5 rats each. The rats
were given four different treatments orally: 0.9% saline (two groups of
control); two groups received indomethacin, 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg respectively;
another two groups received the Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides extract, 2000mg/kg
and 4000mg/kg respectively; and the remaining two groups, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg
nimesulide respectively. Carrageenin increased plasma PGE(2) concentration which
was reduced by the Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides extract, indomethacin and
nimesulide. High dose extract and indomethacin reduced plasma PGE(2)
concentration to a comparable extent which was much greater than that of the
reduction caused by nimesulide. It was concluded that the Zanthoxylum extract
might act by non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 to decrease
plasma PGE(2) concentration.
Zanthoxylum species
Zanthoxylum avicennae stem wood has neolignans, (7' S,8' S)-bilagrewin,
demethoxybilagrewin, O-demethyl-4'- O-methylbilagrewin, and (7' S,8' S)-nocomtal,
a coumarinolignan, O-methylcleomiscosin D, lignan derivatives, (
Z)-feruloyl-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol and ((
E)-feruloyl-5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol, a chromene, ( E)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-2
H-chromen-6-yl)prop-2-enal.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Green Huajiao
Zanthoxylum nitidum.alkaloids include zanthomuurolanine, epi-zanthomuurolanine,
zanthocadinanines A and B, and epi-zanthocadinanine B, composed of
dihydrochelerythrine and a cadinane-type sesquiterpene linked by a methylene
bridge.
Z piperitum DC fruit has a glycoprotein that is hepatoprotective
Zanthoxylum rhoifolium
Z schinifolium Green Huajiao
Zanthoxylum setulosum
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